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Reduction of back pain among primi mother in first stage of labour hasan importantrole to play in enabling effectiveness of sacral massage and hot application intervention as an independent nursing intervention. The objective of the study are to assess and compare the effectiveness of sacral massage versus hot application in sacral area to reduce back pain among primi mother in first stage of labour.

Qusi experimental time series research design had been adopted for present study and conceptual frame work for this study was based on General System Theory Modified Ludwig Von Bertalanffy's. The study had been conducted in Shradha Hospital at Wankaner, Morbi District.

Non probability purposive sampling techniques had been adopted to select the desired sample. The sample size was 50 and out of that 25 in sacral massage group (group-A) and 25 in hot application group-B. As an intervention sacral massage and hot application given a 10 minutes duration for 3 times at 20 minutes intervals in both group and assess the level of pain by using numerical pain assessment scale to know the effectiveness of the sacral massage and hot application.

Collected data was analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical method. 'F' value was used to evaluate the effectiveness of sacral massage and hot application on level of pain among primi mother in first stage of labour. Obtained 'F' value of group-A was 9.494 and 'F' value of group-B was 17.62. The findings of the study revealed that hot application is more effective to reduce back pain among primi mother in first stage of labour then the sacral massage. With regard to age, occupation of mother, education, weight obtain chi square value were significant at 0.005 level and thus hypothesis is accepted.

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The Improvement in quality of sleep of hospitalized cardiac patients with insomnia has an important role to play in enabling effectiveness of therapeutic back massage intervention as an independent nursing intervention. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic back massage on quality of sleep among the hospitalized cardiac patients with insomnia.

The research design adopted was Quasi Experimental Time Series design. The conceptual frame work for this study was based on Modified Ludwig Von Bertalanffy's General system theory. The study had been conducted in Unicare hospital, Rajkot.

Non-probability purposive sampling technique had been adopted to select the desired samples. The sample size was 40. As an intervention therapeutic back massage was administered for 10-15 minute and the same was repeated for 7 days. The data was collected through General Sleep Disturbance Scale.

The collected data were analysed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, 'F' test was used to evaluate the effectiveness therapeutic back massage on quality of sleep among hospitalized cardiac patients. The obtained 'F' value was 45.33 which is greater than tabulated 'F' value 2.7 which was highly significant at 0.001 level. Hence the findings of the study revealed that therapeutic back massage helps in improving the quality of sleep among hospitalized cardiac patients. Among all demographic variables gender, day time sleeping and sleeping pattern was having significant association with the pre test level of insomnia.

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Knowledge of post partum intra uterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCD) is important for antenatal mothers as an effective contraceptive and family planning method. Intrauterine contraceptive Device (IUCD) is one of the most commonly used reversible methods of contraception among women of reproductive age worldwide. The objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme regarding knowledge of post partum intrauterine contraceptive devices among antenatal mothers.

Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was selected for the present study and conceptual frame work for this study was based on General System Theory Modified Ludwig Von Bertalanffy's. The study had been conducted in selected areas at Rajkot district of Gujarat.

Non probability purposive sampling techniques had been adopted to select the desired sample. The sample size was 60.The study design depicts that a pre-test was given in the form of structured knowledge questionnaire on selected antenatal mothers at selected rural areas at Rajkot, after that as an intervention video assisted teaching programme was administered in two sessions&a post-test was given after 7 days to assess gain in knowledge using the same structured knowledge questionnaire.

Collected data was analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical method. 't' test and chi-square test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme regarding knowledge of PPIUCD among antenatal mothers. The calculated 't' value 43.89 is significantly higher than the table value 3.4632 at 0.05 level of significance. This indicates that there is significant difference between the pre test and post test knowledge score and video assisted teaching programme is effective in improving knowledge of PPIUCD among antenatal mothers. With regard to age, education, monthly income, obtain chi-square value were significant at 0.005 level and thus the hypothesis is accepted.

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Rabies is a severe viral infection of the central nervous system communicated to human from the saliva of infected animals and commonly transmitted by a bite or by contact of the animal saliva with a mucous membrane or open wound. The level of knowledge regarding rabies and its management is essential for the prevention of complication regarding rabies. The objective of this study is to assess the level of knowledge regarding rabies and its management.

The research design adopted was quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test design. The conceptual framework for this study was based on Sister Callista Roys Adaptation model9 (1986). The study had been conducted in rural area of Bhandu Village in Mehsana District, Gujarat. Non-probability convenient sampling technique had been adopted to select the desired sample. The sample size was 60.

The collected data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. At pretest 12(20%) were reported moderately adequate knowledge and 48(80%) were reported inadequate knowledge and after STP 11(18.33%) were reported adequate knowledge, 44(73.34%)were reported moderately adequate knowledge and only 5(8.33%) were reported inadequate knowledge. The obtained t-test value 46.6735 (mean difference score 7.35) was highly significant at 0.001 level (p=3.4632 value). Chi-square test was used to check the association and found significant association with the following demographic variables like Education, Religion, Type of family, Education of Father, Mother and Mother's Occupation.

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The study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding self-care activities among patients with diabetes mellitus

The study was conducted in two selected hospitals at Coimbatore .Total samples were 20 and equally (10) collected from both hospitals. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used .The research tool was developed in English after an extensive of literature and experts opinion it was translated in to Tamil by language experts .the structured questionnaire was used as an instrument to measure the level of knowledge and 5 point likert scale was used to assess the attitude regarding self-care activities regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic patient in selected hospitals at Coimbatore.

This study revealed that 3(15%) samples have inadequate knowledge, 13(65%) have shown moderately adequate knowledge and 4(20%) have shown adequate knowledge and also revealed that 16(80%) have favorable and 4(20%) have unfavorable attitude regarding self-care activities regarding diabetes mellitus among diabetic patient in selected hospitals at Coimbatore.

Chi-square test was calculated to find out the association between the demographic variables and the level of knowledge and attitude regarding self-care activities of diabetes mellitus among diabetic patient and it resulted there is no any association between the demographic variable and the level of knowledge and attitude regarding self-care activities of diabetes mellitus.

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The reduction of pain of patients with cancer has an important role to play in enabling effectiveness of foot massage intervention as an independent nursing intervention. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of foot massage on level of pain among the patients with cancer.

The research design adopted was quasi-experimental time series pre-test, post-test with control group design. The conceptual framework for this study was based on Wiedenbach's helping art of clinical nursing theory (1964). The study has been conducted in Devaki cancer hospital and research institute, Madurai.

Non-probability purposive sampling technique has been adopted to select the desired sample. The sample size was 60. As an intervention of 30 minutes of foot massage was administered for experimental group. The data was collected through Numerical Pain assessment scale which is from 0-10 range.

The collected data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. 'F' test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of foot massage on level of cancer pain among the patients with cancer. The obtained 'F' value was 50.103.The findings of the study revealed that foot massage helps in decreasing the level of pain among the patients with cancer.

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The reduction in the insomnia levels and improving the sleep onset time of the cancer patients has an important role to play in enabling effectiveness of warm foot bath intervention as an independent nursing intervention. The objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of warm foot bath on sleep onset time among cancer patients with insomnia.

The research design adopted was pre experimental one group pre-test post-test design. The conceptual framework for this study was based on Wiedenbach's clinical nursing practice theory (1964). The study has been conducted in NathLal Parekh cancer hospital, Rajkot.

Purposive sampling technique has been adopted to select the desired sample. The sample size was 30. As an intervention of 15 min of warm foot bath was administered for experimental group. The data was collected through general sleep disturbance scale.

The collected data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. ANOVA test was used to assess the effectiveness of warm foot bath on sleep onset time among cancer patients with insomnia. The obtained value was. The findings of the study reveals that warm foot bath helps in improving sleep onset time and reducing insomnia.

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Anemia is the most prevalent nutritional problem worldwide and it is mainly caused due to iron deficiency. Its prevalence is highest among young children and women of childbearing age; particularly in pregnant women (Shah and Gupta, 2002). The nutritional anemia in adolescent girls attributes to the high maternal mortality rate, the high incidence of low birth weight babies, high prenatal mortality and the consequent high fertility rates.

A high prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was found, which higher low economic strata were. It was seen that anemia affects overall nutritional status of adolescent girls. The problems of adolescence are multidimensional in nature and require holistic approach. Some of the problems faced by adolescents are anorexia nervosa, obesity, overweight, micronutrient deficiency, emotional problems, behavioral problems, substance abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, and identity and study problems (Siddharam et al., 2011).

The research design adopted was pre experimental Research Design. The conceptual framework for this study was based on general system theory modified ludwig von bertalanffy's. The study had been conducted in padadhari urban area, Rajkot.

Non-probability purposive sampling technique had been adopted to select the desired samples. The sample size was 40.The data collected by using sahli's method was administered to assess the level of hemoglobin among adolescent girls who have iron deficiency anemia.

The collected data were analysed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods,'t' test was used to evaluate relationship between pre test and post test of level of hb. The effectiveness of beetischolar_main juice with jaggery on iron deficiency anemia shows in post-test. Post-test revealed the improvement in Hb level with the use of beetischolar_main juice with jaggery. Out of 40 samples 6(15%) were having normal hemoglobin level and 14(35%) were having mild iron deficiency anemia and 16(40%) were having moderate iron deficiency anemia and 4(10%) were having severe anemia. It is also revealed that the mean difference was 0.757, standard deviation of pre-test was 1.078, standard deviation of post-test was 1.149, standard error was 0.071 and t-test was 8.703. Hence it was highly significant at p<0.001.

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The reduction of oral mucositis among cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy has an important role to play in enabling effectiveness of Apitherapy intervention as an independent nursing intervention. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Apitherapy in oral mucositis among cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.

The research design adopted was pre-experimental. The conceptual frame work for this study was based on Weidenbach nursing practice model. The study had been conducted in Nath Lal Parekh cancer research centre, Rajkot.

Non-probability purposive sampling technique had been adopted to select the desired samples. The sample size was 40. As an intervention Apitherapy was administered, 20 ml of honey orally 15 minutes before radiation therapy, then again after intervals of fifteen minutes and six hours after radiation therapy for continuous seven days. The data was collected through WHO Oral mucositis grading scale.

The collected data were analysed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, 't' test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Apitherapy on oral mucositis among cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. The obtained 'F' value was 15.45 which showed high significance at 0.001 level. Hence findings of the study revealed that Apitherapy helps in decreasing the degree of severity of oral mucositis among cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy and improving quality of life and there is significant association between selected demographic variables such as age, stage of cancer & effectiveness Apitherapy in reducing oral mucositis among cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.

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